The root zone is the top of the DNS hierarchy: it lists every TLD and the nameservers that serve it. DNS Coffee has tracked its changes since 2011.
First Import Apr 11, 2011 · Last Import Sep 05, 2026 · DNSSEC Signed since before Mar 28, 2021
| Name | First Seen | Domains |
|---|---|---|
| a.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 28 |
| h.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 4 |
| c.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| g.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 4 |
| f.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| b.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 14 |
| j.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| k.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 4 |
| l.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| m.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| i.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| e.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| d.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| Name | First Seen | Last Seen | Domains |
|---|
| Primary NS | a.root-servers.net |
|---|---|
| Mailbox | nstld.verisign-grs.com. |
| Serial | 2026090500 |
| Refresh | 30 minutes |
| Retry | 15 minutes |
| Expire | 7 days |
| Minimum TTL | 1 day |
| Serial | First Seen | Last Seen |
|---|---|---|
| 2026090400 | Sep 04, 2026 | Sep 04, 2026 |
| 2026090300 | Sep 03, 2026 | Sep 03, 2026 |
| 2026090102 | Sep 02, 2026 | Sep 02, 2026 |
| 2026083102 | Sep 01, 2026 | Sep 01, 2026 |
| 2026083001 | Aug 31, 2026 | Aug 31, 2026 |
| 2026082901 | Aug 30, 2026 | Aug 30, 2026 |
| 2026082900 | Aug 29, 2026 | Aug 29, 2026 |
| 2026082800 | Aug 28, 2026 | Aug 28, 2026 |
| 2026082700 | Aug 27, 2026 | Aug 27, 2026 |
| 2026082501 | Aug 26, 2026 | Aug 26, 2026 |
Signed since before Mar 28, 2021.
Signed TLDs: 1,350 · DS records: 1,481 (as of Sep 05, 2026)
| Role | Algorithm | Public Key | First Seen |
|---|---|---|---|
| KSK | RSA/SHA-256 | showAwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdpWWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwuMoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBevYtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= |
Jan 11, 2025 |
| KSK | RSA/SHA-256 | showAwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlExOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgCmr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnXGXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= |
before Mar 28, 2021 |
| ZSK | RSA/SHA-256 | showAwEAAeCYD6Z7WWKVLeuWgowKP+3g+Gs1cnLKq7a3CaQxQpv8bfuFVI0WnG33qaSH/Mw9IBgifrdzf4XY/DQLnyBJ9MfaOyAWuEaEmYJ+GQPiwVVfstGwSA1McfFJUttTgq2Huu74KARhtA8wPo/N3XcyYQtNhz+qCM5NBb3ecx/naw6sYab9LxS6f2cU0q03++BP5Ks0Uef8WJCa/1izCYE+vMkwoltV+tENa3hpXiZ7jle/xdgaZrPi5ZGmyLVI34g1XVYrNlsCCTmNvFQIfzW5STFQFsQpizczyFn9r3LzSxxPCNwdlCG84bER0BmdwqbF6Tanv+FxMOavrahkj4wIy5k= |
Jun 21, 2026 |
| Signs | Key Tag | Signer | Expires |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNSKEY | 20326 | Sep 20, 2026 | |
| SOA | 57780 | Sep 18, 2026 |