The root zone is the top of the DNS hierarchy: it lists every TLD and the nameservers that serve it. DNS Coffee has tracked its changes since 2011.
First Import Apr 11, 2011 · Last Import Oct 22, 2026 · DNSSEC Signed since before Sep 05, 2019
| Name | First Seen | Domains |
|---|---|---|
| a.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 29 |
| h.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 4 |
| c.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| g.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 6 |
| f.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| b.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 15 |
| j.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| k.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 4 |
| l.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| m.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| i.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| e.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 5 |
| d.root-servers.net | Before Apr 11, 2011 | 3 |
| Name | First Seen | Last Seen | Domains |
|---|
| Primary NS | a.root-servers.net |
|---|---|
| Mailbox | nstld.verisign-grs.com. |
| Serial | 2026102200 |
| Refresh | 30 minutes |
| Retry | 15 minutes |
| Expire | 7 days |
| Minimum TTL | 1 day |
| Serial | First Seen | Last Seen |
|---|---|---|
| 2026102100 | Oct 21, 2026 | Oct 21, 2026 |
| 2026102000 | Oct 20, 2026 | Oct 20, 2026 |
| 2026101900 | Oct 19, 2026 | Oct 19, 2026 |
| 2026101800 | Oct 18, 2026 | Oct 18, 2026 |
| 2026101700 | Oct 17, 2026 | Oct 17, 2026 |
| 2026101600 | Oct 16, 2026 | Oct 16, 2026 |
| 2026101500 | Oct 15, 2026 | Oct 15, 2026 |
| 2026101400 | Oct 14, 2026 | Oct 14, 2026 |
| 2026101300 | Oct 13, 2026 | Oct 13, 2026 |
| 2026101200 | Oct 12, 2026 | Oct 12, 2026 |
Signed since before Sep 05, 2019.
Signed TLDs: 1,351 · DS records: 1,572 (as of Oct 22, 2026)
| Role | Algorithm | Public Key | First Seen |
|---|---|---|---|
| KSK | RSA/SHA-256 | showAwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdpWWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwuMoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBevYtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= |
Jan 11, 2025 |
| KSK | RSA/SHA-256 | showAwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlExOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgCmr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnXGXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= |
before Sep 05, 2019 |
| ZSK | RSA/SHA-256 | showAwEAAcorNxNc9t0ue1ZenPjVMRujlQ2YLBJ0pR/4XMjHby9vr03cRxFSKnWpxeg5PL384D9VeqdS1bjrGyTsHtoagzI3NiXFd8sjHMOnZxu5pp/+UBIg7tasYgVMMdUiM1Yu/c+t30d1Qw/v6NYLNnOnywTu6HuUh7Y1sZRq/GZcrxLENXHQoyKpOrOr8R3+qd6wK69IKB80ZBZtkX9rdEqKJk+yYXjEZzZ0zkAFthmNgCreAoU9PVlU66dyOsaLjf3wKUlUm9SNOKs+tK6LuSmRbK6+1T/tPaRaMBSEuv2G6vXfnJ1uyMbGvtpRn/YDcvTjrp6DzE6XyF44QdwJ3oKx4ek= |
Sep 20, 2026 |
| Signs | Key Tag | Signer | Expires |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNSKEY | 38696 | Nov 11, 2026 | |
| SOA | 8763 | Nov 04, 2026 |